Network management activation in the implementation of policies to protect vulnerable groups from violence in Indonesia
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Published:
Oct 30, 2024
Keywords:
Child Protection, Network Management, Policy Implementation, Violence Against Children
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Abstract
This study aims to examine the role of network management activation in the implementation of child protection policies against violence in Makassar City. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders and document analysis to gather data. The results indicate that activation in network management is crucial for the effective implementation of child protection policies. Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2018 plays a significant role in providing legal protection for children, with the Women Empowerment and Child Protection Agency (DP3A) serving as the primary provider of child protection services. Collaboration with various parties, including the police, non-governmental organizations, and the community, is crucial in handling child violence cases. Complaints can be filed through formal and informal channels, with citizen shelters established to provide accessible protection services and eliminate social barriers to reporting violence. The study recommends that the Makassar City Government enhance coordination and communication among network actors, strengthen human resource capacity, optimize the allocated budget, intensify socialization of the Regional Regulation, and strengthen cooperation with non-governmental organizations and the community.
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How to Cite
Nur Islam, F., Alwi, A., & Syahribulan, S. (2024). Network management activation in the implementation of policies to protect vulnerable groups from violence in Indonesia. Journal of Law Science, 6(4), 703-711. https://doi.org/10.35335/jls.v6i4.5718
References
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Borrás, S., Haakonsson, S., Hendriksen, C., Gerli, F., Poulsen, R. T., Pallesen, T., Somavilla Croxatto, L., Kugelberg, S., & Larsen, H. (2024). The transformative capacity of public sector organisations in sustainability transitions. In Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions (Vol. 53). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2024.100904
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Campbell, A. M. (2021). Improving prevention of family violence during (and after) disaster: Lessons learned from the Covid-19 pandemic. Forensic Science International: Reports, 3, 100179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2021.100179
Da Thi Tran, T., Murray, L., & Van Vo, T. (2022). Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and maternal and child health outcomes: a scoping review of the literature from low-and-middle income countries from 2016 - 2021. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04604-3
Dhawan, N. B., & Bhasin, H. (2024). Combating domestic violence in West Bengal, India: Gendered norms and legal regulations. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2024.100352
Gabriel Løvlie, A. (2023). Experts and migrants – A survey experiment on public acceptance of violence and child protection interventions. Children and Youth Services Review, 144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106757
Hallett, S. (2023). Responding to child sexual exploitation in Australia: Challenges and opportunities from the perspectives of case workers in a statutory care environment. Children and Youth Services Review, 155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107273
Islam, M. J., Suzuki, M., & Mazerolle, P. (2024). Police responses to intimate partner violence incidents involving children: Exploring variations in actions and concerns in an Australian jurisdiction. Child Abuse and Neglect, 147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106568
Jacobsen, K., Roy, L., Marshall, C. A., Perreault, M., Richmond, S., Seto, V., Hoffman-Kuhnt, B., Boutemeur, I., & Rouleau, D. (2024). Outcomes for women after leaving a shelter: A scoping review of the quantitative evidence. In Women’s Studies International Forum (Vol. 105). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2024.102921
Johnson, A. K., & Sloth-Nielsen, J. (2020). Safeguarding children in the developing world-beyond intra-organisational policy and self-regulation. Social Sciences, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/SOCSCI9060098
Katz, I., Katz, C., Andresen, S., Bérubé, A., Collin-Vezina, D., Fallon, B., Fouché, A., Haffejee, S., Masrawa, N., Muñoz, P., Priolo Filho, S. R., Tarabulsy, G., Truter, E., Varela, N., & Wekerle, C. (2021). Child maltreatment reports and Child Protection Service responses during COVID-19: Knowledge exchange among Australia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Germany, Israel, and South Africa. Child Abuse and Neglect, 116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105078
Katz, I., Priolo-Filho, S., Katz, C., Andresen, S., Bérubé, A., Cohen, N., Connell, C. M., Collin-Vézina, D., Fallon, B., Fouche, A., Fujiwara, T., Haffejee, S., Korbin, J. E., Maguire-Jack, K., Massarweh, N., Munoz, P., Tarabulsy, G. M., Tiwari, A., Truter, E., … Yamaoka, Y. (2022). One year into COVID-19: What have we learned about child maltreatment reports and child protective service responses? Child Abuse and Neglect, 130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105473
Khan, S. W., Khan, H. A. A., & Clarke, D. (2024). Isolation and abuse: The intersection of Covid19 and domestic violence. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update, 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpbup.2024.100149
Klijn, E. H., & Koppenjan, J. F. M. (2000). Public Management and Policy Networks. Public Management: An International Journal of Research and Theory, 2(2), 135–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719030000000007
Laajasalo, T., Cowley, L. E., Otterman, G., Lamela, D., Rodrigues, L. B., Jud, A., Kemp, A., Naughton, A., Hurt, L., Soldino, V., Ntinapogias, A., & Nurmatov, U. (2023). Current issues and challenges in the definition and operationalization of child maltreatment: A scoping review. In Child Abuse and Neglect (Vol. 140). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106187
Leslie, E., & Wilson, R. (2020). Sheltering in place and domestic violence: Evidence from calls for service during COVID-19. Journal of Public Economics, 189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104241
Li, J., Foden, G. W., Chow, S. K. W., & To, L. S. (2024). Integrating sustainable and energy-resilient strategies into emergency shelter design. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 191, 113968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113968
MacRae, A., Kertesz, M., & Gavron, T. (2024). Therapeutic interventions with women and children in domestic violence shelters: A systematic scoping review. Children and Youth Services Review, 166, 107913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107913
Mason, C., & Shankar, I. (2024). Immobilizing intersectionality: The performative inclusion of feminist expertise within PSI sexual violence policies. Women’s Studies International Forum, 104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2024.102911
Mitcheltree, H., & Sunikka-Blank, M. (2023). Identifying a research gap in relation to family and domestic violence accommodation design within Victoria, Australia: A systematic review. In Frontiers of Architectural Research (Vol. 12, Issue 2, pp. 209–221). KeAi Communications Co. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2022.09.001
Nikolova, K., Fallon, B., Black, T., Passanha, N., & Isaac, K. (2021). Responding to intimate partner violence (IPV) in Ontario, Canada: A closer look at police involvement. Children and Youth Services Review, 128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106168
Nikupeteri, A. (2024). Finnish professionals’ views on the position and agency of children in helping processes concerning cases of post-separation parental stalking and coercive control: A child’s right perspective. Children and Youth Services Review, 164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107862
Nurjanah, S., Santoso, D., Fatarib, H., & Murdiana, E. (2022). Lessons Learned From Child Protection Rights in Religion Paradigm and National Law. Www.Jsser.Org Journal of Social Studies Education Research Sosyal Bilgiler E?itimi Ara?t?rmalar? Dergisi, 2022(13), 237–258. https://doi.org/https://www.learntechlib.org/p/222857/
Petrowski, N., Cappa, C., Pereira, A., Mason, H., & Daban, R. A. (2021). Violence against children during COVID-19: Assessing and understanding change in use of helplines. Child Abuse & Neglect, 116, 104757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104757
Reeping, P. M., Wintemute, G. J., Robinson, S. L., Crawford, A., Tomsich, E. A., & Pear, V. A. (2024). Replacement thinking, status threat, and the endorsement of political violence among non-Hispanic white individuals in the US: A cross-sectional study. Preventive Medicine Reports, 45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102851
Trail, M. (2024). Dalgleish scores difference amongst professional roles within the greater child welfare community. Child Protection and Practice, 2, 100047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100047
Turrini, A., Cristofoli, D., Frosini, F., & Nasi, G. (2010). Networking literature about determinants of network effectiveness. Public Administration, 88(2), 528–550. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2009.01791.x
Vallejo-Janeta, A. P., Morales-Jadan, D., Freire-Paspuel, B., Lozada, T., Cherrez-Bohorquez, C., Garcia-Bereguiain, M. A., Ortiz-Prado, E., Rivera-Olivero, I., Henriquez, A. R., Jaramillo, T., Gordon, D. S., Iturralde, G. A., Teran, J. A., Vasquez, K. M., Rondal, J. D., Granda, G., Santamaria, A. C., Pino, C. L., Espinosa, O. L., … Zapata, N. D. (2021). COVID-19 outbreaks at shelters for women who are victims of gender-based violence from Ecuador. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 108, 531–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.06.012
Wessells, M. G. (2015). Bottom-up approaches to strengthening child protection systems: Placing children, families, and communities at the center. Child Abuse and Neglect, 43, 8–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.04.006
Wilson, B. K., Calderon, C., Cornejo, A., & Csordas, T. J. (2024). The Journey of a Living Statue: Structural Violence and a Honduran Migrant Woman’s Pathway Toward Asylum and Wellbeing. Social Science & Medicine, 117410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117410
Wismayanti, Y. F., O’Leary, P., Tilbury, C., & Tjoe, Y. (2021). The problematization of child sexual abuse in policy and law: The Indonesian example. Child Abuse and Neglect, 118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105157
Amon, S., Gerold, J., Akweongo, P., Bulthuis, S. E., Agyemang, S. A., & Aikins, M. (2024). De facto health governance policies and practices in a decentralized setting of Ghana: Implication for policy making and implementation. SSM - Health Systems, 3, 100017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmhs.2024.100017
Borrás, S., Haakonsson, S., Hendriksen, C., Gerli, F., Poulsen, R. T., Pallesen, T., Somavilla Croxatto, L., Kugelberg, S., & Larsen, H. (2024). The transformative capacity of public sector organisations in sustainability transitions. In Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions (Vol. 53). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2024.100904
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Campbell, A. M. (2021). Improving prevention of family violence during (and after) disaster: Lessons learned from the Covid-19 pandemic. Forensic Science International: Reports, 3, 100179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2021.100179
Da Thi Tran, T., Murray, L., & Van Vo, T. (2022). Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and maternal and child health outcomes: a scoping review of the literature from low-and-middle income countries from 2016 - 2021. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04604-3
Dhawan, N. B., & Bhasin, H. (2024). Combating domestic violence in West Bengal, India: Gendered norms and legal regulations. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2024.100352
Gabriel Løvlie, A. (2023). Experts and migrants – A survey experiment on public acceptance of violence and child protection interventions. Children and Youth Services Review, 144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106757
Hallett, S. (2023). Responding to child sexual exploitation in Australia: Challenges and opportunities from the perspectives of case workers in a statutory care environment. Children and Youth Services Review, 155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107273
Islam, M. J., Suzuki, M., & Mazerolle, P. (2024). Police responses to intimate partner violence incidents involving children: Exploring variations in actions and concerns in an Australian jurisdiction. Child Abuse and Neglect, 147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106568
Jacobsen, K., Roy, L., Marshall, C. A., Perreault, M., Richmond, S., Seto, V., Hoffman-Kuhnt, B., Boutemeur, I., & Rouleau, D. (2024). Outcomes for women after leaving a shelter: A scoping review of the quantitative evidence. In Women’s Studies International Forum (Vol. 105). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2024.102921
Johnson, A. K., & Sloth-Nielsen, J. (2020). Safeguarding children in the developing world-beyond intra-organisational policy and self-regulation. Social Sciences, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/SOCSCI9060098
Katz, I., Katz, C., Andresen, S., Bérubé, A., Collin-Vezina, D., Fallon, B., Fouché, A., Haffejee, S., Masrawa, N., Muñoz, P., Priolo Filho, S. R., Tarabulsy, G., Truter, E., Varela, N., & Wekerle, C. (2021). Child maltreatment reports and Child Protection Service responses during COVID-19: Knowledge exchange among Australia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Germany, Israel, and South Africa. Child Abuse and Neglect, 116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105078
Katz, I., Priolo-Filho, S., Katz, C., Andresen, S., Bérubé, A., Cohen, N., Connell, C. M., Collin-Vézina, D., Fallon, B., Fouche, A., Fujiwara, T., Haffejee, S., Korbin, J. E., Maguire-Jack, K., Massarweh, N., Munoz, P., Tarabulsy, G. M., Tiwari, A., Truter, E., … Yamaoka, Y. (2022). One year into COVID-19: What have we learned about child maltreatment reports and child protective service responses? Child Abuse and Neglect, 130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105473
Khan, S. W., Khan, H. A. A., & Clarke, D. (2024). Isolation and abuse: The intersection of Covid19 and domestic violence. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update, 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpbup.2024.100149
Klijn, E. H., & Koppenjan, J. F. M. (2000). Public Management and Policy Networks. Public Management: An International Journal of Research and Theory, 2(2), 135–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719030000000007
Laajasalo, T., Cowley, L. E., Otterman, G., Lamela, D., Rodrigues, L. B., Jud, A., Kemp, A., Naughton, A., Hurt, L., Soldino, V., Ntinapogias, A., & Nurmatov, U. (2023). Current issues and challenges in the definition and operationalization of child maltreatment: A scoping review. In Child Abuse and Neglect (Vol. 140). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106187
Leslie, E., & Wilson, R. (2020). Sheltering in place and domestic violence: Evidence from calls for service during COVID-19. Journal of Public Economics, 189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104241
Li, J., Foden, G. W., Chow, S. K. W., & To, L. S. (2024). Integrating sustainable and energy-resilient strategies into emergency shelter design. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 191, 113968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113968
MacRae, A., Kertesz, M., & Gavron, T. (2024). Therapeutic interventions with women and children in domestic violence shelters: A systematic scoping review. Children and Youth Services Review, 166, 107913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107913
Mason, C., & Shankar, I. (2024). Immobilizing intersectionality: The performative inclusion of feminist expertise within PSI sexual violence policies. Women’s Studies International Forum, 104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2024.102911
Mitcheltree, H., & Sunikka-Blank, M. (2023). Identifying a research gap in relation to family and domestic violence accommodation design within Victoria, Australia: A systematic review. In Frontiers of Architectural Research (Vol. 12, Issue 2, pp. 209–221). KeAi Communications Co. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2022.09.001
Nikolova, K., Fallon, B., Black, T., Passanha, N., & Isaac, K. (2021). Responding to intimate partner violence (IPV) in Ontario, Canada: A closer look at police involvement. Children and Youth Services Review, 128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106168
Nikupeteri, A. (2024). Finnish professionals’ views on the position and agency of children in helping processes concerning cases of post-separation parental stalking and coercive control: A child’s right perspective. Children and Youth Services Review, 164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107862
Nurjanah, S., Santoso, D., Fatarib, H., & Murdiana, E. (2022). Lessons Learned From Child Protection Rights in Religion Paradigm and National Law. Www.Jsser.Org Journal of Social Studies Education Research Sosyal Bilgiler E?itimi Ara?t?rmalar? Dergisi, 2022(13), 237–258. https://doi.org/https://www.learntechlib.org/p/222857/
Petrowski, N., Cappa, C., Pereira, A., Mason, H., & Daban, R. A. (2021). Violence against children during COVID-19: Assessing and understanding change in use of helplines. Child Abuse & Neglect, 116, 104757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104757
Reeping, P. M., Wintemute, G. J., Robinson, S. L., Crawford, A., Tomsich, E. A., & Pear, V. A. (2024). Replacement thinking, status threat, and the endorsement of political violence among non-Hispanic white individuals in the US: A cross-sectional study. Preventive Medicine Reports, 45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102851
Trail, M. (2024). Dalgleish scores difference amongst professional roles within the greater child welfare community. Child Protection and Practice, 2, 100047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100047
Turrini, A., Cristofoli, D., Frosini, F., & Nasi, G. (2010). Networking literature about determinants of network effectiveness. Public Administration, 88(2), 528–550. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2009.01791.x
Vallejo-Janeta, A. P., Morales-Jadan, D., Freire-Paspuel, B., Lozada, T., Cherrez-Bohorquez, C., Garcia-Bereguiain, M. A., Ortiz-Prado, E., Rivera-Olivero, I., Henriquez, A. R., Jaramillo, T., Gordon, D. S., Iturralde, G. A., Teran, J. A., Vasquez, K. M., Rondal, J. D., Granda, G., Santamaria, A. C., Pino, C. L., Espinosa, O. L., … Zapata, N. D. (2021). COVID-19 outbreaks at shelters for women who are victims of gender-based violence from Ecuador. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 108, 531–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.06.012
Wessells, M. G. (2015). Bottom-up approaches to strengthening child protection systems: Placing children, families, and communities at the center. Child Abuse and Neglect, 43, 8–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.04.006
Wilson, B. K., Calderon, C., Cornejo, A., & Csordas, T. J. (2024). The Journey of a Living Statue: Structural Violence and a Honduran Migrant Woman’s Pathway Toward Asylum and Wellbeing. Social Science & Medicine, 117410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117410
Wismayanti, Y. F., O’Leary, P., Tilbury, C., & Tjoe, Y. (2021). The problematization of child sexual abuse in policy and law: The Indonesian example. Child Abuse and Neglect, 118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105157
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